🌿 Can I grow cannabis at home?

With conditions

Quick answer

Yes, up to four plants — but per household, not per person. The law of 10 July 2023 (in force on 21 July 2023) lets an adult grow a maximum of four plants per household, from seed, at home, and not visible from the public highway. Consumption, too, is lawful only at home. The myth: "Luxembourg legalised cannabis, so 3g in my pocket is fine and I can go and buy some." Wrong twice over. Holding 3g or less in public is still an offence — it was downgraded to a police matter, not legalised. And buying, selling and transporting remain prohibited: there is no legal way to acquire cannabis itself — only seeds. The other widespread myth, "four plants each", is simply false.

📋 The rules

Four plants maximum per household — not per person (art. 7-2(1)). A "domestic community" means everyone living in one home on a shared budget: a flatshare of four adults gets four plants in total.
From seed only, and by an adult. The seeds must carry a label: the producer's details, the number of seeds and a health warning.
Place: the home or habitual residence of an adult in the household, indoors or outdoors (balcony, garden) — but the plants must not be visible from the public highway (art. 7-2(2)).
Consumption and possession are permitted only at home, and only for cannabis grown in accordance with the law (art. 7-2(3)). Outside the home, consumption becomes an offence again.
The 3-gram public threshold: consuming away from home, or transporting, holding or acquiring 3g or less for personal use → a fine of €25 to €500, with an on-the-spot fixed penalty of €145 (art. 7-3).

🔓 Exceptions

Medical cannabis: the penalty under art. 7-3(1) does not apply to people to whom medical cannabis has been prescribed and dispensed (art. 30-2).
Minors: the fixed penalty is excluded whatever the quantity — a formal report is mandatory and the case goes to the juvenile judge.
Consuming in front of or with minors, at school or at work remains a criminal offence even with lawfully grown cannabis: 8 days to 6 months and €251 to €2,500 (art. 7-1(4)).

⚠️ Penalties & fines

3g or less in public: a fixed penalty of €145; if you neither pay nor contest within 45 days, the State Prosecutor issues a €300 flat fine, and the police court can go up to €500. More than 3g: 8 days to 6 months in prison and €251 to €2,500. More than four plants, or growing outside the permitted place: 8 days to 5 years in prison and €500 to €250,000 — the heaviest penalty in the whole scheme, and the one growers most underestimate. The invisible cost: paying the fixed penalty ends the prosecution and keeps your record clean; contesting and losing means a conviction on your criminal record.

📎 Official sources

Last verified: 2026-07-12

❓ Frequently asked

There are four of us in a flatshare: do we get 16 plants?

No, the four-plant limit applies per domestic community, not per person, and a flatshare on a shared budget is one such community. Four adults living in one home are entitled to four plants in total.

Can I buy cuttings or young plants?

No, cultivation is only lawful from seed, and the seeds must carry a label showing the producer, the quantity and a health warning. Buying cannabis itself, in any form, remains a criminal offence.

Can I smoke a joint in the street or in a park?

No, consumption is only permitted at your home or habitual residence. Smoking in public remains an offence carrying a €145 fixed penalty, even if the cannabis was grown lawfully.

Is three grams on me legal now?

No, and this is the commonest confusion: possession of up to three grams in public was downgraded, not legalised. It remains an offence punishable by €25 to €500, with a €145 fixed penalty.

Can I keep the plants on my balcony?

Yes, outdoors is allowed — balcony or garden — provided the plants are not visible from the public highway. A crop visible from the street tips you into the serious offence.

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